![]() ![]() Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule (ssRNA) in many of its biological roles and consists of much shorter chains of nucleotides.The chemical structure of RNA is very similar to that of DNA, but differs in three primary ways: This process uses transfer RNA ( tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA ( rRNA) then links amino acids together to form coded proteins. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function in which RNA molecules direct the synthesis of proteins on ribosomes. Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA ( mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the letters G, U, A, and C) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. ![]() Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA, RNA is found in nature as a single strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double strand. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, nucleic acids constitute one of the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Ribonucleic acid ( RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. ![]()
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